Safe and effective broad-spectrum, refrigerated antivenoms are available for all three syndromes of snake envenomation due to European viper species in this AOR and treatment does not require identification of the species responsible. Snakebite treatment at the point of injury is not routinely recommended for EUCOM. This section provides specifics about antivenoms use in this region.

Adverse Reaction Management

• If a mild or moderate reaction occurs, slow the infusion and treat symptomatically with antihistamines, steroids, and/or antiemetics as needed.
• If a severe reaction such as anaphylaxis occurs, stop the infusion and treat according to the anaphylaxis protocol listed elsewhere in the CPG. Reassess the patient once the reaction has been controlled and resume the infusion at a slower rate if any of the specific criteria for antivenom treatment listed elsewhere in the CPG have not completely resolved.