Expanded Screening Criteria for Blunt Cerebrovascular Injury (BCVI)12

Signs and Symptoms of BCVI

- Arterial hemorrhage from neck, nose, or mouth.
- Cervical bruit in patient <50 years of age.
- Cervical hematoma.
- Focal neurologic deficit inconsistent with head CT.
- Ischemic change on head CT.

Risk Factors for BCVI

- High-energy mechanism.
- LeFort II or III facial fracture, or mandible fracture.
- Skull or skull-base fracture.
- Severe TBI, as defined by GCS < 6.
- Cervical fracture, subluxation, or ligamentous injury.
- “Clothesline,” “seat-belt,” or “hanging”-type mechanism of injury.
- TBI with associated thoracic injuries.
- Thoracic vascular injuries or upper rib fractures.
- Scalp de-gloving injury.
- Blunt cardiac injuries.