1 DOD Instruction 1322.24. Medical Readiness Training. 16 March 2018. Accessed at https://www.esd.whs.mil/Portals/54/Documents/DD/issuances/dodi/132224p.pdf?ver=2018-03-16-140510-410, Change 1 Effective 15 February 2022.

2 www.deployedmedicine.com

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7 Tactical Combat Casualty Care Guidelines, 15 December 2021, https://deployedmedicine.com/market/31/content/40,

8 Jacobs LM, McSwain NE Jr, Rotondo MF, Wade D, Fabbri W, Eastman AL, Butler FK Jr, Sinclair J; Joint Committee to Create a National Policy to Enhance Survivability from Mass Casualty Shooting Events. Improving survival from active shooter events: the Hartford Consensus. J Trauma Acute Care Surg. 2013 Jun;74(6): 1399-400.

9 Ritenour AE, Baskin TW. Primary blast injury: update on diagnosis and treatment. Crit Care Med. 2008 Jul;36(7 Suppl): S311-7.

10 Tactical Combat Casualty Care Skill Sets by Responder Level, Deployed Medicine website: https://learning-media.allogy.com/api/v1/pdf/63ad6e0e-aff7-497c-a7db-394570021997/contents, accessed 19 Nov 21.

11 Butler FK Jr, Hagmann J, Butler EG. Tactical combat casualty care in special operations. Mil Med. 1996 Aug;161 Suppl: 3-16.

12 Butler FK. Two Decades of Saving Lives on the Battlefield: Tactical Combat Casualty Care Turns 20. Mil Med. 2017 Mar;182(3): e1563-e1568.

13 Kotwal RS, Montgomery HR, Kotwal BM, Champion HR, Butler FK Jr, Mabry RL, Cain JS, Blackbourne LH, Mechler KK, Holcomb JB. Eliminating preventable death on the battlefield. Arch Surg. 2011 Dec;146(12): 1350-8.

14 Kotwal RS, Montgomery HR, Miles EA, Conklin CC, Hall MT, McChrystal SA. Leadership and a casualty response system for eliminating preventable death. J Trauma Acute Care Surg. 2017 Jun;82(6S Suppl 1): S9-S15.

15 Bellamy RF. The causes of death in conventional land warfare: implications for combat casualty care research. Mil Med. 1984 Feb;149(2):55-62.

16 Mabry RL, Holcomb JB, Baker AM, Cloonan CC, Uhorchak JM, Perkins DE, Canfield AJ, Hagmann JH. United States Army Rangers in Somalia: an analysis of combat casualties on an urban battlefield. J Trauma. 2000 Sep;49(3):515-28

17 Bellamy RF. The causes of death in conventional land warfare: implications for combat casualty care research. Mil Med. 1984 Feb;149(2):55-62.

18 Butler FK Jr, Hagmann J, Butler EG. Tactical combat casualty care in special operations. Mil Med. 1996 Aug;161 Suppl: 3-16.

19 Kelly JF, Ritenour AE, McLaughlin DF, Bagg KA, Apodaca AN, Mallak CT, Pearse L, Lawnick MM, Champion HR, Wade CE, Holcomb JB. Injury severity and causes of death from Operation Iraqi Freedom and Operation Enduring Freedom: 2003-2004 versus 2006. J Trauma. 2008 Feb;64(2 Suppl): S21-6; discussion S26-7.

20 Holcomb JB, McMullin NR, Pearse L, Caruso J, Wade CE, Oetjen-Gerdes L, Champion HR, Lawnick M, Farr W, Rodriguez S, Butler FK. Causes of death in U.S. Special Operations Forces in the global war on terrorism: 2001-2004. Ann Surg. 2007 Jun;245(6): 986-91.

21 Butler FK Jr, Blackbourne LH. Battlefield trauma care then and now: a decade of Tactical Combat Casualty Care. J Trauma Acute Care Surg. 2012 Dec;73(6 Suppl 5): S395-402.

22 Kragh JF Jr, Baer DG, Walters TJ. Extended (16-hour) tourniquet application after combat wounds: a case report and review of the current literature. J Orthop Trauma. 2007 Apr;21(4):274-8.

23 Kragh JF Jr, Walters TJ, Baer DG, Fox CJ, Wade CE, Salinas J, Holcomb JB. Survival with emergency tourniquet use to stop bleeding in major limb trauma. Ann Surg. 2009 Jan;249(1):1-7.

24 Gerold KB, et al. The relevance of Tactical Combat Casualty Care (TCCC) guidelines to civilian law enforcement operations. The Tactical Edge. Fall 2009: 52-56.

25 Fike JA, Scalese RJ, Issenberg SB. TCCC Training Baseline Assessment Summary Report. Mobile Technology and Mobile Learning Survey Site Study ID: 20130459. Dec 2018.

26 Butler FK Jr, Hagmann J, Butler EG. Tactical combat casualty care in special operations. Mil Med. 1996 Aug;161 Suppl:3-16.

27 Bellamy RF: How shall we train for combat casualty care? Mil Med 1987; 152: 617-22.

28 Ekblad GS: Training medics for the combat environment of tomorrow. Mil Med 1990; 155: 232-4.

29 Butler FK. Two Decades of Saving Lives on the Battlefield: Tactical Combat Casualty Care Turns 20. Mil Med. 2017 Mar;182(3): e1563-e1568.

30 Butler FK, Blackbourne LH: Battlefield trauma care then and now: a decade of tactical combat casualty care. J Trauma Acute Care Surg. 2012; 73: S395–S402.

31 Deputy Assistant Secretary of Defense Policy Memo. 19 June 2013.

32 https://jts.amedd.army.mil/index.cfm/committees/cotccc/mission, accessed Nov 21.

33 Giebner SD. The Transition to the Committee on Tactical Combat Casualty Care. Wilderness Environ Med. 2017 Jun;28(2S): S18-S24.

34 Assistant Secretary of Defense for Health Affairs. Institutionalization Milestones of Tactical Combat Casualty Care Training, Certification, and Reporting in the Department of Defense. 4 April 2019.

35 Assistant Secretary of Defense for Health Affairs. Department of Defense Joint Trauma System Lifesaving Materiel Policy Memorandum. 17 April 2018.

36 DOD Instruction 1322.24. Medical Readiness Training. 16 March 2018. Accessed at https://www.esd.whs.mil/Portals/54/Documents/DD/issuances/dodi/132224p.pdf?ver=2018-03-16-140510-410, 18 Nov 21.

37 Tarpey MJ. Tactical combat casualty care in Operation Iraqi Freedom. US Army Med Dep J 2005; 38–41.

38 Kotwal RS, Montgomery HR, Kotwal BM, Champion HR, Butler FK Jr, Mabry RL, Cain JS, Blackbourne LH, Mechler KK, Holcomb JB. Eliminating preventable death on the battlefield. Arch Surg. 2011 Dec;146(12): 1350-8.

39 Butler FK. Two Decades of Saving Lives on the Battlefield: Tactical Combat Casualty Care Turns 20. Mil Med. 2017 Mar;182(3): e1563-e1568.

40 King DR. Initial Care of the Severely Injured Patient. N Engl J Med. 2019 Feb 21;380(8):763-770.

41 Howard JT, Kotwal RS, Stern CA, Janak JC, Mazuchowski EL, Butler FK, Stockinger ZT, Holcomb BR, Bono RC, Smith DJ. Use of Combat Casualty Care Data to Assess the US Military Trauma System During the Afghanistan and Iraq Conflicts, 2001-2017. JAMA Surg. 2019 Jul 1;154(7):600-608.

42 https://jts.amedd.army.mil/index.cfm/about/vision

43 Hinton HL Jr. Operation Desert Storm: Full Army Medical Capability Not Achieved. GAO/NSIAD-92-175. Washington, DC: United States General Accounting Office; 1992

44 https://jts.amedd.army.mil/index.cfm/about/origins

45 DOD Instruction 6040.47. Joint Trauma System. 14 June 2022. Accessed at https://www.esd.whs.mil/portals/54/documents/dd/issuances/dodi/604047p.pdf.

46 Spott MA, Kurkowski CR, Stockinger ZB. The Joint Trauma System: History in the Making, Military Medicine, Volume 183, Issue supplement 2, September-October 2018: 4–7.

47 https://www.esd.whs.mil/Portals/54/Documents/DD/issuances/dodi/604047p.pdf?ver=2018-08-06-124902-047

48 https://jts.amedd.army.mil/assets/docs/JTS-Organizational-Chart.pdf.