Lessons learned in previous conflicts remain true; hemorrhage is the number one killer in combat.

With massive hemorrhage accounting for the largest number of preventable deaths on the battlefield, the equipment to support bleeding control is found in almost all kits. Key items are highlighted here.

CoTCCC-recommended tourniquets are used to control massive or severe hemorrhage (bleeding) of an extremity (arms and legs). This is the most important lifesaving item in the JFAK and should be kept easily accessible and ready for use.

CoTCCC-recommended hemostatic dressings are called for when severe bleeding is observed from a wound in an area where a tourniquet cannot be used (groin, neck, axillary wounds) or when a wound is not severe enough to warrant a tourniquet.

Emergency bandages or trauma dressings are elastic bandages that can be used alone or along with other forms of hemorrhage control (like hemostatic dressings) to enhance effectiveness in controlling bleeding by providing pressure to the wound.