Military Working Dogs (MWDs) exposed to different types of intense external stimuli, such as explosions, gunfire, or violence, may be susceptible to developing a syndrome that is similar to Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) in people.1,2,3,4 For more information on the background of these diagnoses and the studies and manifestation of signs in humans and animals, which is beyond the scope of this guideline, there is a chapter available in the book Mental Health and Well-Being in Animals by Frank McMillan.5

In MWDs, we refer to the syndrome as Canine Posttraumatic Stress (C-PTS), or when chronic, Canine Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (C-PTSD). While much remains unknown about these syndromes in non-human animals, most of the affected MWDs to date have been exposed to these stimuli in combat scenarios. It is essential to be aware that traumatic events, or perceived traumatic events, can alter MWD behavior and veterinary personnel need to effectively guide handlers in immediate care while working to evacuate affected dogs to a veterinary facility. Veterinary Corps Officers (VCOs) are the best resource for current diagnostic and therapeutic recommendations and will facilitate telemedicine consultation with military veterinary behavior subject-matter experts. If left unrecognized and untreated, C-PTS has the potential to develop into C-PTSD, which has a lower prognosis for successful recovery and return to work than C-PTS.

DEFINITIONS6

Canine Posttraumatic Stress (C-PTS) - Direct involvement or exposure to a traumatic event (or perceived traumatic event) where the canine experiences life-threatening trauma, serious injury, violence (or more). Clinical signs occur acutely or within 30 days of the event.

Canine Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (C-PTSD) - Direct involvement or exposure to a traumatic event (or perceived traumatic event) where the canine experiences life-threatening trauma, serious injury, violence (or more). Clinical signs occur or persist 30 days after the event.