Dogs differ anatomically and physiologically in several key areas in comparison to people. Knowledge of these differences will assist HCPs when managing MWDs.
Most MWDs are German shepherd dogs, Belgian Malinois, and Labrador retrievers, with a weight of 50-80# (23-36 kg). Dose drugs based on actual body weight whenever possible.
Canine blood can be tested using analyzers designed for people, with generally reliable results. Interpretation of results may be unreliable or misleading for albumin and total calcium, however, due to species-specific methodology differences. For all other parameters, if the results appear reasonable, trust them for decision-making.
Venous blood sampling and IV catheterization sites:
Use the cephalic or lateral saphenous veins for routine blood sampling, drug administration, and routine intravenous fluid therapy. Use the external jugular vein for long-term fluid therapy, large volume fluid delivery, and repeated blood sampling.
Figure 1. Cephalic Vein Location on Superior Aspect of Forearm.
Figure 1 shows cephalic vein location on the cranial (superior) aspect of the forearm.
The vein is best punctured toward the elbow, as the accessory cephalic vein and cephalic vein join in a Y-shaped configuration more distally (toward the carpus).