The usual organs in MWDs subjected to blunt trauma are the spleen, liver, and urinary bladder, in this order of frequency. Splenic and hepatic injuries are usually fractures of the organ; major vessel trauma is uncommon.1-7

 

Intra-abdominal hemorrhage.

Most hemoperitoneum cases in MWDs are due to splenic and hepatic fractures, which can vary markedly in size, with a significant difference in quantity of blood lost into the abdomen.

 

Urinary tract trauma.

Urinary bladder rupture, with uroperitoneum, is fairly common, especially if the animal had not voided before the trauma.

 

Ruptured abdominal viscus.

Patients with a ruptured gastrointestinal viscus are candidates for emergent exploratory surgery to identify the part of the tract that is injured and allow primary repair. Delay in repairing bowel perforation can rapidly lead to septic peritonitis, septic shock, and rapid patient deterioration.13

 

Table 11.  Antibiotic Selection and Dosing for Military Working Dogs.