If the casualty is unconscious or semiconscious but breathing on their own AND you do not identify an airway obstruction, you may be able to better support airway management through the use of a nasopharyngeal airway (NPA). This can help open/maintain a conscious or unconscious casualty’s airway.

Note any clear fluid coming from the nose or ears. This may be cerebrospinal fluid, which indicates a possible skull fracture. Do not attempt to place an NPA if clear fluid is coming from the nose or ears.

If airway maneuvers and nasopharyngeal airway are ineffective at opening or maintaining an open airway, notify medical personnel.