BACKGROUND

Lasers emit nonionizing radiation in the ultraviolet, visible, and infrared portions of the electromagnetic spectrum. When the eye is exposed to this energy, temporary disruption of visual function or permanent injury may occur.1 Lasers available for wide scale commercial purchase that emit at visible wavelengths (including red, green, and blue) have been increasingly reported in laser strikes on commercial aircraft. These laser strikes on commercial aircraft have been reported most frequently during takeoff and landing.2 A review of these civilian aircraft incidents found that while these laser strikes have not resulted in any documented permanent changes in visual functional or structural damage to the eyes, they have been documented to cause immediate visual effects, including flash blindness, glare, and startle that can interfere with critical functions on board the aircraft. Based on reports by civilian pilots that have been directly exposed, recovery of optimal visual function can take from seconds to minutes. However, alterations in visual function can last from several minutes to several hours.3

Potential exposures of the visual system to laser threats that are present across the spectrum of military operations are more varied. Laser technology is incorporated into multiple weapons systems from both friendly and hostile forces and presents a threat of temporary visual effects or permanent injury to the eye. Most laser systems designed for military use emit at infrared wavelengths that cannot be seen by the human eye. Visible laser systems also pose a threat to military operations. A review of data from the Defense and Veterans Eye Injury and Vision Registry (DVEIVR) from 2006-2018, found 132 service members with documentation of exposure in the medical record. Of these cases reviewed, five service members found to have permanent damage compromising visual function as a result of exposure.