Provide immediate fluid therapy targeted to specific endpoints, provide supplemental oxygen, and identify and treat the cause for the shock. Tranexamic acid (TXA) or ɛ-aminocaproic acid (EACA) may be helpful in dogs with catastrophic hemorrhage.

1.  Place multiple large-bore IV or IO catheters or perform venous cut-down.

 

 

Figures 34-37.  Intra-osseous Catheter Placement (Tibia) in a MWD.

Note: Sterile draping is removed to provide better visualization; perform catheterization using sterile technique.